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ECCouncil Certified Ethical Hacker Exam (CEHv13) Sample Questions (Q70-Q75):

NEW QUESTION # 70
Jason, an attacker, targeted an organization to perform an attack on its Internet-facing web server with the intention of gaining access to backend servers, which are protected by a firewall. In this process, he used a URL https://xyz.com/feed.php?url:externaIsile.com/feed/to to obtain a remote feed and altered the URL input to the local host to view all the local resources on the target server. What is the type of attack Jason performed In the above scenario?

A. Web server misconfiguration
B. web cache poisoning attack
C. website defacement
D. Server-side request forgery (SSRF) attack

Answer: D

Explanation:
Server-side request forgery (also called SSRF) is a net security vulnerability that allows an assaulter to induce the server-side application to make http requests to associate arbitrary domain of the attacker's choosing.
In typical SSRF examples, the attacker might cause the server to make a connection back to itself, or to other web-based services among the organization's infrastructure, or to external third-party systems.
Another type of trust relationship that often arises with server-side request forgery is where the application server is able to interact with different back-end systems that aren't directly reachable by users. These systems typically have non-routable private informatics addresses. Since the back-end systems normally ordinarily protected by the topology, they typically have a weaker security posture. In several cases, internal back-end systems contain sensitive functionality that may be accessed while not authentication by anyone who is able to act with the systems.
In the preceding example, suppose there's an body interface at the back-end url https://192.168.0.68/admin.
Here, an attacker will exploit the SSRF vulnerability to access the executive interface by submitting the following request:
POST /product/stock HTTP/1.0
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 118
stockApi=http://192.168.0.68/admin

NEW QUESTION # 71
While testing a web application in development, you notice that the web server does not properly ignore the
"dot dot slash" (../) character string and instead returns the file listing of a folder structure of the server.
What kind of attack is possible in this scenario?

A. Denial of service
B. Cross-site scripting
C. SQL injection
D. Directory traversal

Answer: D

Explanation:
Appropriately controlling admittance to web content is significant for running a safe web worker. Index crossing or Path Traversal is a HTTP assault which permits aggressors to get to limited catalogs and execute orders outside of the web worker's root registry.
Web workers give two primary degrees of security instruments
* Access Control Lists (ACLs)
* Root index
An Access Control List is utilized in the approval cycle. It is a rundown which the web worker's manager uses to show which clients or gatherings can get to, change or execute specific records on the worker, just as other access rights.
The root registry is a particular index on the worker record framework in which the clients are kept. Clients can't get to anything over this root.
For instance: the default root registry of IIS on Windows is C:Inetpubwwwroot and with this arrangement, a client doesn't approach C:Windows yet approaches C:Inetpubwwwroot ews and some other indexes and documents under the root catalog (given that the client is confirmed by means of the ACLs).
The root index keeps clients from getting to any documents on the worker, for example, C:WINDOWS
/system32/win.ini on Windows stages and the/and so on/passwd record on Linux/UNIX stages.
This weakness can exist either in the web worker programming itself or in the web application code.
To play out a registry crossing assault, all an assailant requires is an internet browser and some information on where to aimlessly discover any default documents and registries on the framework.
What an assailant can do if your site is defenselessWith a framework defenseless against index crossing, an aggressor can utilize this weakness to venture out of the root catalog and access different pieces of the record framework. This may enable the assailant to see confined documents, which could give the aggressor more data needed to additional trade off the framework.
Contingent upon how the site access is set up, the aggressor will execute orders by mimicking himself as the client which is related with "the site". Along these lines everything relies upon what the site client has been offered admittance to in the framework.
Illustration of a Directory Traversal assault by means of web application codeIn web applications with dynamic pages, input is generally gotten from programs through GET or POST solicitation techniques. Here is an illustration of a HTTP GET demand URL GET
http://test.webarticles.com/show.asp?view=oldarchive.html HTTP/1.1
Host: test.webarticles.com
With this URL, the browser requests the dynamic page show.asp from the server and with it also sends the parameter view with the value of oldarchive.html. When this request is executed on the web server, show.
asp retrieves the file oldarchive.html from the server's file system, renders it and then sends it back to the browser which displays it to the user. The attacker would assume that show.asp can retrieve files from the file system and sends the following custom URL.
GET
http://test.webarticles.com/show.asp?view=../../../../../Windows/system.ini HTTP/1.1 Host: test.webarticles.com This will cause the dynamic page to retrieve the file system.ini from the file system and display it to the user.
The expression ../ instructs the system to go one directory up which is commonly used as an operating system directive. The attacker has to guess how many directories he has to go up to find the Windows folder on the system, but this is easily done by trial and error.
Example of a Directory Traversal attack via web serverApart from vulnerabilities in the code, even the web server itself can be open to directory traversal attacks. The problem can either be incorporated into the web server software or inside some sample script files left available on the server.
The vulnerability has been fixed in the latest versions of web server software, but there are web servers online which are still using older versions of IIS and Apache which might be open to directory traversal attacks.
Even though you might be using a web server software version that has fixed this vulnerability, you might still have some sensitive default script directories exposed which are well known to hackers.
For example, a URL request which makes use of the scripts directory of IIS to traverse directories and execute a command can be GET
http://server.com/scripts/..%5c../Windows/System32/cmd.exe?/c+dir+c: HTTP/1.1 Host: server.com The request would return to the user a list of all files in the C: directory by executing the cmd.exe command shell file and run the command dir c: in the shell. The %5c expression that is in the URL request is a web server escape code which is used to represent normal characters. In this case %5c represents the character .
Newer versions of modern web server software check for these escape codes and do not let them through.
Some older versions however, do not filter out these codes in the root directory enforcer and will let the attackers execute such commands.

NEW QUESTION # 72
What type of a vulnerability/attack is it when the malicious person forces the user's browser to send an authenticated request to a server?

A. Server side request forgery
B. Session hijacking
C. Cross-site scripting
D. Cross-site request forgery

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION # 73
You have been hired as an intern at a start-up company. Your first task is to help set up a basic web server for the company's new website. The team leader has asked you to make sure the server is secure from common - threats. Based on your knowledge from studying for the CEH exam, which of the following actions should be your priority to secure the web server?

A. Encrypting the company's website with SSL/TLS
B. Installing a web application firewall
C. limiting the number of concurrent connections to the server
D. Regularly updating and patching the server software

Answer: D

Explanation:
One of the most important actions to secure a web server from common threats is to regularly update and patch the server software. This includes the operating system, the web server software, the database software, and any other applications or frameworks that run on the server. Updating and patching the server software can fix known vulnerabilities, bugs, or errors that could be exploited by attackers to compromise the server or the website. Failing to update and patch the server software can expose the server to common attacks, such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting, remote code execution, denial-of-service, etc.
Installing a web application firewall, limiting the number of concurrent connections to the server, and encrypting the company's website with SSL/TLS are also good practices to secure a web server, but they are not as critical as updating and patching the server software. A web application firewall can filter and block malicious requests, but it cannot prevent attacks that exploit unpatched vulnerabilities in the server software.
Limiting the number of concurrent connections to the server can prevent overload and improve performance, but it cannot stop attackers from sending malicious requests or payloads. Encrypting the company's website with SSL/TLS can protect the data in transit between the server and the client, but it cannot protect the data at rest on the server or prevent attacks that target the server itself.
Therefore, the priority action to secure a web server from common threats is to regularly update and patch the server software.
References:
* Web Server Security- Beginner's Guide - Astra Security Blog
* Top 10 Web Server Security Best Practices | Liquid Web
* 21 Server Security Tips & Best Practices To Secure Your Server - phoenixNAP

NEW QUESTION # 74
A company's policy requires employees to perform file transfers using protocols which encrypt traffic. You suspect some employees are still performing file transfers using unencrypted protocols because the employees do not like changes. You have positioned a network sniffer to capture traffic from the laptops used by employees in the data ingest department. Using Wireshark to examine the captured traffic, which command can be used as display filter to find unencrypted file transfers?

A. tcp.port = 23
B. tcp.port != 21
C. tcp.port == 21 || tcp.port == 22
D. tcp.port == 21

Answer: D

Explanation:
TCP port 21 is used by the File Transfer Protocol (FTP), which is an unencrypted protocol. To detect if unencrypted file transfers are taking place, you can apply the Wireshark display filter:
tcp.port == 21
This will show all traffic to and from FTP servers. Since FTP transmits usernames, passwords, and data in clear text, its use would violate the company's policy.
CEH v13 states:
"FTP (Port 21) is a cleartext protocol vulnerable to sniffing. To enforce secure communication, companies often transition to SFTP (over SSH, port 22) or FTPS (FTP over TLS/SSL)." Incorrect Options:
* B. Port 23 is used for Telnet, not FTP.
* C. Combining FTP (21) and SSH/SFTP (22) would include encrypted traffic, which is not what you're trying to isolate.
* D. tcp.port != 21 filters out FTP traffic, which is the opposite of the intended goal.
Reference - CEH v13 Guide:
Module 01: Introduction to Ethical Hacking
Subsection: Sniffing and Cleartext Protocols
Wireshark iLab: Identifying FTP Traffic

NEW QUESTION # 75
......

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Jim Reed Jim Reed

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